🔹 Stages of Hyperkalemia and ECG Changes
🔹 Stages of Hyperkalemia and ECG Changes Serum K⁺ (mmol/L) Stage Characteristic ECG Changes Clinical Risk 5.5 – 6.5 Early / Mild – Tall, narrow,...
Cardiology Outlines @ Refresher
Fragmented QRS (fQRS)
Fragmented QRS (fQRS) ✅ Definition ✅ Mechanism ✅ ECG Criteria ✅ Causes / Associations ✅ Clinical Significance ✅ Practical Example 🔹 Key Points Summary (Quick...
MINOCA
Definition MINOCA = Clinical evidence of myocardial infarction (MI) (troponin rise/fall + ischemic symptoms, ECG/imaging changes, or wall motion abnormalities) without significant obstructive coronary artery...
Rentrop classification of coronary collaterals
Rentrop classification of coronary collaterals What is the Rentrop classification of coronary collaterals? The Rentrop classification is an angiographic grading system used to describe the...
Mitral Stenosis
Mitral Stenosis Short Questions & Answers on Mitral Stenosis What is mitral stenosis?Narrowing of the mitral valve orifice, obstructing blood flow from LA to LV....
DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI Study
Conclusion DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI 10 years The Third DANish Study of Optimal Acute Treatment of Patients With STEMI: PRImary PCI in MULTIvessel Disease – DANAMI-3—PRIMULTI Description: The...
Image Question-6
What is the structure in Image? [A] ovarian artery[B] uterine artery[C] internal pudendal artery[D] internal iliac artery
Image Question-5
What is the structure in Image? [A] Ostial LAD disease[B] Ostial LMCA disease[C] Critical LCX disease[D] Ectactic RCA disease
Coronary artery ectasia
Coronary artery ectasia is defined when diameter of the coronary artery is —– times the normal adjacent segment [A] 1.5[B] 2.0[C] 2.5[D] 3.0 Ectactic RCA...
Image Question-4
What is the structure in Image? [A] Coronary sinus ASD[B] PTMC [C] Patent Ductus Arteriosus[D] Ectactic RCA Ectactic RCA – Right coronary artery
Normal function of the mitral valve depends on which structures?
Normal function of the mitral valve depends on which structures? Normal function of the mitral valve depends on which structures? The normal function of the...
“Hockey-stick” appearance of Anterior mitral leaflet
“Hockey-stick” appearance of Anterior mitral leaflet is typically seen in [A] Rheumatic Mitral stenosis[B] Congenital Miral stenosis[C] Dedenerative Mitral stenosis[D] Malignant Carcinoid “Hockey-stick” appearance of...
Image Question-3
What is the following image? [A] Residual ASD[B] Muscular VSD[C] Patent Ductus Arteriosus[D] Mild Mitral regurgitation What is the most probable type of imaging done...
Why Fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement NOT intended to be done in case of CTO?
Fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement NOT intended to be done in case of [A] Identify the precise location of a coronary lesion[B] Identify appropriate culprit...
Image Question-2
A 51 year male patient came with complain of chest pain on exertion. Patient taken for angiogram found to have two vessel LAD and LCX...
Image Question-1
A 48 year male patient came with complain of sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm with confusion and patient was unable to speak....
Better outcomes after a catheter-based balloon mitral valvotomy procedure
Wilkins score of ——- predicts better outcomes after a catheter-based balloon mitral valvotomy procedure [A] < 6[B] < 8[C] > 6[D] > 8 Better outcomes...
Physical signs of Mitral stenosis
Physical signs of Mitral stenosis What is the type of Apex in Mitral Stenosis [A] Heaving apex[B] Sustained apex[C] Tapping apex[D] Diffuse apex Physical signs...
What is Ortner’s syndrome?
Ortner’s syndromeis due to palsy of [A] vagus nerve[B] superior laryngeal nerve[C] Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy[D] Internal laryngeal nerve Other causes of Ortner’s syndrome
What is the rate of decrease in mitral valve orifice in rheumatic mitral stenosis?
What is the rate of decrease in mitral valve orifice in rheumatic mitral stenosis? [A] 0.01 cm2 per year[B] 0.01 cm2 per year[C] 0.9 cm2...
What is the cause of abnormal LV function in mitral stenosis?
What is the cause of abnormal LV function in mitral stenosis? Possible mechanisms Not prominent in most patients with Rheumatic MS More prevalent in Degenerative...
Low gradient severe mitral stenosis
Low gradient severe mitral stenosis Low gradient severe mitral stenosis Low gradient severe mitral stenosis defined as mean transmitral gradient [A] < 5 mm Hg[B] <10 mm Hg[C] <15 mm Hg[D]...
🔹 Stages of Hyperkalemia and ECG Changes
🔹 Stages of Hyperkalemia and ECG Changes Serum K⁺ (mmol/L) Stage Characteristic ECG Changes Clinical Risk […]
Fragmented QRS (fQRS)
Fragmented QRS (fQRS) ✅ Definition ✅ Mechanism ✅ ECG Criteria ✅ Causes / Associations ✅ Clinical […]
MINOCA
Definition MINOCA = Clinical evidence of myocardial infarction (MI) (troponin rise/fall + ischemic symptoms, ECG/imaging changes, […]
Rentrop classification of coronary collaterals
Rentrop classification of coronary collaterals What is the Rentrop classification of coronary collaterals? The Rentrop classification […]
Mitral Stenosis
Mitral Stenosis Short Questions & Answers on Mitral Stenosis What is mitral stenosis?Narrowing of the mitral […]
DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI Study
Conclusion DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI 10 years The Third DANish Study of Optimal Acute Treatment of Patients With STEMI: […]
Image Question-6
What is the structure in Image? [A] ovarian artery[B] uterine artery[C] internal pudendal artery[D] internal iliac […]
Image Question-5
What is the structure in Image? [A] Ostial LAD disease[B] Ostial LMCA disease[C] Critical LCX disease[D] […]
Coronary artery ectasia
Coronary artery ectasia is defined when diameter of the coronary artery is —– times the normal […]