Square root sign
Square root sign
Square root sign in ventricular pressure waveforms
[A] Atrial fibrillation
[B] Mitral stenosis
[C] Hypovolemia
[D] Constrictive pericarditis
Square root sign
- Dip & plateau pattern’ or ‘square root sign’:
- Early diastolic filling of the ventricles is unimpeded and abnormally rapid, but late diastolic filling is abbreviated and halts abruptly when total cardiac volume expands to the volume limit set by the stiff pericardium.
- The pressure in the late diastole elevates and plateaus in accordance with the pericardial compression. This pattern of accentuated early dip in diastolic pressure followed by plateauing in mid-late diastole is referred to as ‘Dip & plateau’ or ‘square root sign’
- Similar to diastolic equalization, ‘square root sign’ is also not exclusive to CCP and is also present in patients with RCMP and severe bradycardia.
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