Septal depolarisation
Septal depolarisation Normal depolarisation of the septum from [A] left to right[B] right to left [C] Both side at same time[D] Inferior to Superior Normal...
Cardiology Outlines @ Refresher
Septal bounce
Septal bounce Mitral stenosis Septal bounce seen in [A] Mostly in Systole[B] Early diastole[C] Only systole[D] Both systole and diastole What are the causes of...
Stress echocardiography
Stress echocardiography What are the advantages of Stress Echocardiography ? Which factors decrease the sensitivity and specificity of stress echocardiography? Because of difficulty interpreting wall...
How to differentiate pericardial Knock from S3?
How to differentiate pericardial Knock from S3? What is the Mechanism of pericardial knock? Mechanism of pericardial knock – high-pitched, early diastolic sound that occurs...
Pericardial knock
Pericardial knock – is a high-pitched early diastolic sound What is the Mechanism of pericardial knock? Mechanism of pericardial knock – high-pitched, early diastolic sound...
Mitral Stenosis with Severe Pulmonary Hypertension
Mitral Stenosis with Severe Pulmonary Hypertension Classic Murmur of Mitral Stenosis Mid-diastolic low-pitched rumbling murmur of mitral stenosis with pre-systolic accentuation is best audible at...
Murmur of Mitral Stenosis
Murmur of Mitral Stenosis Classic Murmur of Mitral Stenosis Murmur of Mitral Stenosis Mid-diastolic low-pitched rumbling murmur of mitral stenosis with pre-systolic accentuation is best...
‘Opening Snap’ in Mitral Stenosis
‘Opening Snap’ in Mitral Stenosis ‘Opening Snap’ in Mitral Stenosis High-pitched early diastolic sound due to sudden tensing of the valve leaflets and subvalvular apparatus...
What is the nature of the ‘second heart sound’ in Mitral Stenosis?
What is the nature of the ‘second heart sound’ in Mitral Stenosis? Nature of the second heart sound -MS Nature of the second heart sound...
What is the ‘first heart sound’ in Mitral Stenosis?
What is the ‘first heart sound’ in Mitral Stenosis? First heart sound (S1) is typically loud in MS. Mechanism of Loud S1 in MS
What are the findings of Mitral Stenosis before proceeding to auscultation?
What are the findings of Mitral Stenosis before proceeding to auscultation?
A2-OS interval
Mitral Stenosis A2-OS interval Opening snap (OS) of the mitral stenosis is a high-pitched early diastolic sound due to sudden tensing of the valve leaflets...
What is the cause of ‘malar flush’ in Mitral valve stenosis?
What is the cause of ‘malar flush’ in Mitral valve stenosis? ‘Malar flush’ in Mitral valve stenosis Mechanism “mitral facies” of rheumatic mitral stenosis –...
What is ‘Mitral facies’?
What is ‘Mitral facies’? Mitral facies is a distinctive facial appearance associated with mitral stenosis [ Severe mitral stenosis] Features – Rosy cheeks, whilst the...
Mitral Valve Anatomy
Mechanical and metabolic balance of the valve is maintained by A. Endothelial cells B. Interstitial cells C. Endocardial cells D. Nerve cells Mitral annulus is...
Carvallo’s sign
Carvallo’s sign Carvallo’s sign is a clinical sign found in patients with A. Mitral stenosis B. Mitral regurgitation C. Tricuspid regurgitation D. Tricuspid stenosis Following...
Dynamic outflow obstruction in HOCM
Dynamic outflow obstruction in HOCM is due to Dynamic outflow obstruction in HOCM is due to A. Infundibular hypertrophy B. Systolic anterior motion C. Subaortic...
Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Takotsubo Syndrome
Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Takotsubo Syndrome Takotsubo syndrome- Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Takotsubo Syndrome
Athletic heart syndrome
It is important to distinguish the athlete’s beneficial cardiac adaptive changes from pathologic entities such as hypertrophic, arrhythmogenic, or other cardiomyopathies that are associated with...
Supraventricular Tachycardia Types
Supraventricular Tachycardia Types Which is the most common form of supraventricular tachycardia? A. AVRT B. AVNRT C. Focal Atrial Tachycardia D. Multi-focal Atrial Tachycardia (A)...
Atrial septal defect shunt
Atrial septal defect shunt degree of left-to-right atrial shunting depends on mostly [A] Ejection fraction of […]
Types of Atrial septal defect
Four types of interatrial communications exist: [A] Ostium primum defects[B] Ostium secundum defects[C] Sinus venosus defects[D] […]
True Atrial septal defect
True Atrial septal defect Which of the following is true Atrial septal defect? [A] Ostium primum […]
Atrial flutter or fibrillation longer than 24 hours
For any patient who is not adequately anticoagulated, presenting with atrial flutter or fibrillation longer than […]
Causes of a straight left heart border in chest radiograph
Causes of a straight left heart border in chest radiograph Causes of a straight left heart […]
Causes of retrosternal filling on lateral chest radiograph
Causes of retrosternal filling on lateral chest radiograph Causes of retrosternal filling on lateral chest radiograph […]
Criteria for shunt vascularity
Criteria for shunt vascularity Which of the following is a criteria for shunt vascularity [A] Right […]
Pathologic Q waves
Pathologic Q waves Pathologic Q waves commonly seen in all Except [A] Ostium primum ASD[B] ALCAPA[C] […]
RVH in congenital heart disease
RVH in congenital heart disease Right ventricular hypertrophy reflect all Except [A] Pulmonary hypertension[B] Right ventricular […]