Holt-Oram syndrome
Holt-Oram syndrome Holt-Oram syndrome – all are true except [A] Autosomal dominant disorder[B] Upper limb abnormalities[C] Can progress to complete heart block[D] Also called as...
Cardiology Outlines @ Refresher
Atrial septal defects associated with syndromes
Atrial septal defects associated with syndromes Atrial septal defects associated with Holt-Oram syndrome [A] Ostium primum defects[B] Ostium secundum defects[C] Sinus venosus defects[D] Coronary sinus...
Cooing dove murmur
Cooing dove murmur Cooing dove murmur usually seen in all except [A] Severe aortic valve regurgitation[B] Mitral regurgitation[C] Pulmonary regurgitation[D] Calcific aortic stenosis Cooing dove...
Why left atrial v waves are taller than right atrial v waves?
Why left atrial v waves are taller than right atrial v waves? v waves are passive atrial filling waves while ventricles are in systole. Simpson’s...
Left atrialization of the jugular venous pressure
Left atrialization of the jugular venous pressure Left atrialization of the jugular venous pressure Left atrialization of the jugular venous pressure Left atrialization of the...
Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome
Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome Platypnea–orthodeoxia syndrome distinguished by breathlessness that is exacerbated by [A] Rest[B] Lying down[C] Standing up[D] Exercise Most common cause of Platypnea-orthodeoxia...
Cyanosis in Atrial septal defect
Cyanosis in atrial septal defect Cyanosis in atrial septal defect Cyanosis in atrial septal defect may result from all of the following except [A] Eisenmenger...
Natural History of Atrial septal defect
Natural History of Atrial septal defect Natural History of Atrial septal defect What is the most common presentation for undetected ASD with a significant shunt...
Atrial septal defect shunt
Atrial septal defect shunt degree of left-to-right atrial shunting depends on mostly [A] Ejection fraction of RV[B] Size of pulmonary artery[C] Cardiac cycle[D] Diastolic filling...
Types of Atrial septal defect
Four types of interatrial communications exist: [A] Ostium primum defects[B] Ostium secundum defects[C] Sinus venosus defects[D] Coronary sinus defects Which of the following is true...
True Atrial septal defect
True Atrial septal defect Which of the following is true Atrial septal defect? [A] Ostium primum defects[B] Ostium secundum defects[C] Sinus venosus defects[D] Coronary sinus...
Atrial flutter or fibrillation longer than 24 hours
For any patient who is not adequately anticoagulated, presenting with atrial flutter or fibrillation longer than 24 hours, TEE should be performed before chemical or...
Causes of a straight left heart border in chest radiograph
Causes of a straight left heart border in chest radiograph Causes of a straight left heart border in chest radiograph seen in all Except [A]...
Causes of retrosternal filling on lateral chest radiograph
Causes of retrosternal filling on lateral chest radiograph Causes of retrosternal filling on lateral chest radiograph are all Except [A] TGA[B] RV dilation[C] VSD[D] Ascending...
Criteria for shunt vascularity
Criteria for shunt vascularity Which of the following is a criteria for shunt vascularity [A] Right asending pulmonary artery diameter > 17 mm[B] Right descending...
Pathologic Q waves
Pathologic Q waves Pathologic Q waves commonly seen in all Except [A] Ostium primum ASD[B] ALCAPA[C] Myocardial infarction[D] Left ventricular volume overload Pathologic Q waves...
RVH in congenital heart disease
RVH in congenital heart disease Right ventricular hypertrophy reflect all Except [A] Pulmonary hypertension[B] Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction[C] Subaortic right ventricle[D] RBBB RVH in...
First-degree AV block in congenital heart disease
Complete heart block commonly develop in patients with [A] Ebstein anomaly[B] AV septal defects[C] D-TGA[D] cc-TGA First-degree AV block is commonly seen in patients with...
Atrial flutter causes in congenital heart disease
Atrial flutter causes in congenital heart disease Atrial flutter causes Atrial flutter tends to reflect abnormalities of [A] Right ventricle[B] Left atrium[C] Right atrium [D]...
Eisenmenger syndrome – cardiothoracic ratio
Eisenmenger syndrome – cardiothoracic ratio Eisenmenger syndrome- cardiothoracic ratio Eisenmenger syndrome with large cardiothoracic ratio Eisenmenger syndrome with large cardiothoracic ratio [A] ASD[B] VSD[C] PDA[D]...
Most common modes of death in Eisenmenger Syndrome
Most common modes of death in Eisenmenger Syndrome Most common modes of death in Eisenmenger Syndrome Most common modes of death in Eisenmenger Syndrome Most...
Atrial septal defect treatment options
Atrial septal defect treatment options Atrial septal defect treatment options Atrial septal defect treatment options It is recommended that pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) be less...
Left atrium is activated after the onset of Right atrium activation primarily by
Left atrium is activated after the onset of Right atrium activation primarily by Bachmann’s bundle Left […]
Most appropriate internal ECG baseline measuring ST- segment deviation
Most appropriateinternal ECG baseline measuring ST- segment deviation Most appropriateinternal ECG baseline measuring ST- segment deviation […]
Wilson’s Central Terminal
Potential recorded by the which of the following is considered to remain relatively constant during the […]
Einthoven’s triangle-ECG Question-2
Which is TRUE for potentials in Einthoven’s triangle? [A] I + II = III[B] I + […]
ECG Question-1
What is the ECG diagnosis? [A] Typical atrial flutter [B] Atrial fibrillation[C] Atrial flutter with 3:1 block[D] […]
Classification of Atrial flutter
Commonest form of atrial flutter [A] Typical atrial flutter with Clockwise Reentry[B] Typical atrial flutter with […]
Typical Atrial flutter
Typical Atrial flutter produces a “sawtooth” pattern to the flutter waves – especially in the [A] […]
Sawtooth” pattern in ECG
Sawtooth” pattern in ECG Sawtooth” pattern in ECG seen in [A] Ventricular tachycardia[B] Atrial fibrillation[C] Atrial […]
ECG Electrical Axis Classification
ECG Electrical Axis Classification If the QRS complex is isoelectric in a lead, then the ventricular […]