Cardiology Outlines @ Refresher

Cyanosis in Atrial septal defect

Cyanosis in atrial septal defect Cyanosis in atrial septal defect Cyanosis in atrial septal defect may result from all of the following except [A] Eisenmenger...

Natural History of Atrial septal defect

Natural History of Atrial septal defect Natural History of Atrial septal defect What is the most common presentation for undetected ASD with a significant shunt...

Atrial septal defect shunt

Atrial septal defect shunt degree of left-to-right atrial shunting depends on mostly [A] Ejection fraction of RV[B] Size of pulmonary artery[C] Cardiac cycle[D] Diastolic filling...

Types of Atrial septal defect

Four types of interatrial communications exist: [A] Ostium primum defects[B] Ostium secundum defects[C] Sinus venosus defects[D] Coronary sinus defects Which of the following is true...

True Atrial septal defect

True Atrial septal defect Which of the following is true Atrial septal defect? [A] Ostium primum defects[B] Ostium secundum defects[C] Sinus venosus defects[D] Coronary sinus...

Atrial flutter or fibrillation longer than 24 hours

For any patient who is not adequately anticoagulated, presenting with atrial flutter or fibrillation longer than 24 hours, TEE should be performed before chemical or...

Causes of a straight left heart border in chest radiograph

Causes of a straight left heart border in chest radiograph Causes of a straight left heart border in chest radiograph seen in all Except [A]...

Causes of retrosternal filling on lateral chest radiograph

Causes of retrosternal filling on lateral chest radiograph Causes of retrosternal filling on lateral chest radiograph are all Except [A] TGA[B] RV dilation[C] VSD[D] Ascending...

Criteria for shunt vascularity

Criteria for shunt vascularity Which of the following is a criteria for shunt vascularity [A] Right asending pulmonary artery diameter > 17 mm[B] Right descending...

Pathologic Q waves

Pathologic Q waves Pathologic Q waves commonly seen in all Except [A] Ostium primum ASD[B] ALCAPA[C] Myocardial infarction[D] Left ventricular volume overload Pathologic Q waves...

RVH in congenital heart disease

RVH in congenital heart disease Right ventricular hypertrophy reflect all Except [A] Pulmonary hypertension[B] Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction[C] Subaortic right ventricle[D] RBBB RVH in...

First-degree AV block in congenital heart disease

Complete heart block commonly develop in patients with [A] Ebstein anomaly[B] AV septal defects[C] D-TGA[D] cc-TGA First-degree AV block is commonly seen in patients with...

Atrial flutter causes in congenital heart disease

Atrial flutter causes in congenital heart disease Atrial flutter causes Atrial flutter tends to reflect abnormalities of [A] Right ventricle[B] Left atrium[C] Right atrium [D]...

Eisenmenger syndrome – cardiothoracic ratio

Eisenmenger syndrome – cardiothoracic ratio Eisenmenger syndrome- cardiothoracic ratio Eisenmenger syndrome with large cardiothoracic ratio Eisenmenger syndrome with large cardiothoracic ratio [A] ASD[B] VSD[C] PDA[D]...

Most common modes of death in Eisenmenger Syndrome

Most common modes of death in Eisenmenger Syndrome Most common modes of death in Eisenmenger Syndrome Most common modes of death in Eisenmenger Syndrome Most...

Atrial septal defect treatment options

Atrial septal defect treatment options Atrial septal defect treatment options Atrial septal defect treatment options It is recommended that pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) be less...

High pulmonary vascular resistance

High pulmonary vascular resistance High pulmonary vascular resistance High pulmonary vascular resistance is usually established in early childhood in all Except [A] ASD[B] VSD[C] PDA[D]...

Iron deficiency in cyanotic patients

Iron deficiency in cyanotic patients Iron deficiency in cyanotic patients Iron deficiency in cyanotic patients [A] Good for patients[B] Mild iron deficiency should be maintained[C]...

Goal of phlebotomy in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease

Goal of phlebotomy in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease Goal of phlebotomy in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease Goal of phlebotomy in patients...

Patients with central cyanosis

Patients with central cyanosis Patients with central cyanosis Patients with central cyanosis usually have all of the following Except [A] Hyperuricemia[B] Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy[C] Erythrocytosis[D] Atherosclerotic...

Cyanotic patient with headache

Cyanotic patient with headache Cyanotic patient with headache Cyanotic patient of 12 year female presented with new onset headache and focal neurological deficit. Which of...

Heart failure in full-term newborns

Heart failure in full-term newborns Heart failure in full-term newborns Which of the following cause of heart failure earliest in life? [A] VSD[B] TGA[C] Truncus...

ECG

Typical Atrial flutter

Typical Atrial flutter produces a “sawtooth” pattern to the flutter waves – especially in the [A] […]

ECG

Sawtooth” pattern in ECG

Sawtooth” pattern in ECG Sawtooth” pattern in ECG seen in [A] Ventricular tachycardia[B] Atrial fibrillation[C] Atrial […]

ECG

ECG Electrical Axis Classification

ECG Electrical Axis Classification If the QRS complex is isoelectric in a lead, then the ventricular […]

ECG

What is ‘S1Q3T3 sign’?

S1Q3T3 sign is Seen in ECG R.W.Koster, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons S1Q3T3 sign reflects [A] […]

Basic Cardiology