Cardiology Outlines @ Refresher

Lutembacher’s syndrome

Lutembacher’s syndrome Lutembacher’s syndrome [A] Congenital ASD and Acquired MR[B] Congenital ASD and Congenital MS[C] Congenital ASD and Acquired MS[D] Congenital ASD and Congenital MR...

Most common type of Atrial Septal Defect

Most common type of Atrial Septal Defect Most common type of Atrial Septal Defect [A] Sinus venosus[B] Ostium primum[C] Ostium secundum defect[D] Coronary sinus defects...

Cooing dove murmur

Cooing dove murmur Cooing dove murmur usually seen in all except [A] Severe aortic valve regurgitation[B] Mitral regurgitation[C] Pulmonary regurgitation[D] Calcific aortic stenosis Cooing dove...

Acute mitral regurgitation classically occurs with

Acute mitral regurgitation classically occurs with Acute mitral regurgitation classically occurs with [A] trauma[B] papillary muscle rupture secondary to myocardial infarction[C] mitral valve prolapse[D] endocarditis...

Acute mitral regurgitation

Acute mitral regurgitation is characterized by Acute mitral regurgitation is characterized by all Except [A] Increase in preload [B] Decrease in afterload [C] Increase in...

Septal depolarisation

Septal depolarisation Normal depolarisation of the septum from [A] left to right[B] right to left [C] Both side at same time[D] Inferior to Superior Normal...

Septal bounce

Septal bounce Mitral stenosis Septal bounce seen in [A] Mostly in Systole[B] Early diastole[C] Only systole[D] Both systole and diastole What are the causes of...

Stress echocardiography

Stress echocardiography What are the advantages of Stress Echocardiography ? Which factors decrease the sensitivity and specificity of stress echocardiography? Because of difficulty interpreting wall...

Pericardial knock

Pericardial knock – is a high-pitched early diastolic sound What is the Mechanism of pericardial knock? Mechanism of pericardial knock – high-pitched, early diastolic sound...

Murmur of Mitral Stenosis

Murmur of Mitral Stenosis Classic Murmur of Mitral Stenosis Murmur of Mitral Stenosis Mid-diastolic low-pitched rumbling murmur of mitral stenosis with pre-systolic accentuation is best...

‘Opening Snap’ in Mitral Stenosis

‘Opening Snap’ in Mitral Stenosis ‘Opening Snap’ in Mitral Stenosis High-pitched early diastolic sound due to sudden tensing of the valve leaflets and subvalvular apparatus...

A2-OS interval

Mitral Stenosis A2-OS interval Opening snap (OS) of the mitral stenosis is a high-pitched early diastolic sound due to sudden tensing of the valve leaflets...

What is ‘Mitral facies’?

What is ‘Mitral facies’? Mitral facies is a distinctive facial appearance associated with mitral stenosis [ Severe mitral stenosis] Features – Rosy cheeks, whilst the...