Cardiology Outlines @ Refresher

ECG Electrical Axis Classification

ECG Electrical Axis Classification If the QRS complex is isoelectric in a lead, then the ventricular axis is —— to that lead [A] 0 degrees[B]...

What is ‘S1Q3T3 sign’?

S1Q3T3 sign is Seen in ECG R.W.Koster, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons S1Q3T3 sign reflects [A] Right atrial strain[B] Right ventricular strain[C] Left ventricular strain[D]...

Early repolarization syndrome

Early repolarization syndrome – ERS is commonly seen in cardiac arrhythmias Tikkanen et al demonstrated that the location (inferior vs lateral leads) as well as...

What are the disorders associated with ST-elevation?

Disorders are also associated with ST-elevation Other Conditions associated with ST Elevation Early repolarization – called J-point elevation Disorders associated with ST-elevation

Regions of Heart supplied by the different coronary arteries

Regions supplied by the different coronary arteries. Regions of Heart supplied by the different coronary arteries

Tombstone ST-segment elevation

Tombstone ST-segment elevation ST-segment elevation – Resemble Tombstone – Appears like Tombstone Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2020 Mar; 25(2): e12725. Published online 2019 Nov 10. doi:...

Normal Values for Durations of ECG Waves and Intervals in Adults

WAVE OR INTERVAL DURATION (msec) Normal Values for Durations of ECG Waves and Intervals in Adults Normal Values for Durations of ECG Waves and Intervals...

What is significant coarctation of aorta?

What is significant coarctation of aorta? What is significant coarctation of aorta? What is significant coarctation of aorta? At cardiac catheterization, a peak- to- peak...

Syndromes associated with coarctation of aorta

Syndromes associated with coarctation of aorta What are the Syndromes associated with coarctation of aorta? Syndromes associated with coarctation of aorta Most common Congenital heart...

Pericarditis classification

Pericarditis classification Pericarditis classification Pericarditis classification Classification of Pericarditis Acute pericarditis (<6 weeks) Subacute pericarditis (>6 weeks to 6 months) Chronic pericarditis (>6 months) Pericarditis...

Why pericardial pain is typically referred to the scapular ridge?

Pericardial pain is referred to Pericardial pain is referred to Why pericardial pain is typically referred to the scapular ridge? Pericardial pain is referred to...

Ventricular myocytes nucleus

Ventricular myocytes nucleus Ventricular myocytes nucleus Ventricular myocytes nucleus typically [A] Mononucleate[B] Binucleate[C] Quadrinucleate[D] Multinucleate Ventricular myocytes are typically binucleate Some smaller or more juvenile...

Gold standard for VSD closure

Gold standard for VSD closure Gold standard for VSD closure [A] Surgical direct suture closure[B] Amplatzer VSD Occluder[C] Spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defect[D] Transcatheter...

Endocarditis prophylaxis for PDA device closure

Endocarditis prophylaxis for PDA device closure 26 Year female adult is diagnosed to have PDA on Echocardiogram with shunt >1.5 : 1.0 and subsequently planned...

VSD Closure Recommendations

VSD Closure Recommendations All of the following are VSD Closure Recommendations EXCEPT [A] Evidence of left ventricular volume overload [B] Hemodynamically signiﬁcant shunt[C] PA systolic...

Diagnosis of Ebstein malformation of the tricuspid valve

Diagnosis of Ebstein malformation of thetricuspid valve Diagnosis of Ebstein malformation of the tricuspid valve require the distance between insertion sites of the two AV...

Echocardiogram recommendations for follow up of transcatheter ASD closure

Echocardiogram recommendations for follow up of transcatheter ASD closure Echocardiogram should be done according to recommendations for follow up of transcatheter ASD closure in general...

Echocardiogram recommendations for follow up of transcatheter ASD closure

Echocardiogram recommendations for follow up of transcatheter ASD closure Echocardiogram should be done according to recommendations for follow up of transcatheter ASD closure in general...

What is Scimitar vein?

When the right- sided pul- monary veins connect to the inferior vena cava (IVC), this is called a scimitar vein This is a form of...

Most common cause of cardiac death in adults with Congenital heart disease

Most common cause of cardiac death in adults with Congenital heart disease Most common cause of cardiac death in adults with Congenital heart disease Most...

Heart is nearly fully formed by

Heart is nearly fully formed by Heart is nearly fully formed by Heart is nearly fully formed by [A] 2 weeks gestation[B] 4 weeks gestation[C]...

Most commonly defect Congenital Heart Disease associated with Down syndrome

Most commonly defect Congenital Heart Disease associated with Down syndrome Most commonly defect Congenital Heart Disease associated with Down syndrome [A] Sinus Venosus ASD[B] Coarctation...